From small incisions to complex reconstructions, orthopedic surgery comes in different forms.
When joint pain or mobility issues start interfering with daily life, conventional treatments like physical therapy, medications, and injections are often the first line of defense. However, if these non-surgical options fail to provide relief, surgical intervention may be necessary to restore function and alleviate pain.
Orthopedic surgeons may recommend one of two surgical approaches: arthroscopic surgery or open surgery. Treatment depends on the severity of the condition, the joint affected, and your overall health. Let’s break down the difference between these two procedures.
What is arthroscopic surgery?
Arthroscopic surgery is a minimally invasive procedure used to diagnose and treat joint problems. A surgeon makes small incisions and inserts a tiny camera, called an arthroscope, to get a clear view inside the joint. Using specialized instruments, the surgeon can repair or remove damaged tissue without the need for more invasive surgery. Since this technique is less intrusive, most arthroscopic procedures are performed on an outpatient basis, meaning you can usually go home the same day and begin rehabilitation sooner.
What is open surgery?
Unlike arthroscopic surgery, open surgery requires a larger incision to allow direct access to the joint. This approach is often necessary for more severe injuries, complex reconstructions, or joint replacements, where a hands-on, detailed repair is required. Since open surgery is more invasive, patients may need a hospital stay before beginning rehabilitation.
Key differences between arthroscopic and open surgery
While both procedures aim to restore mobility and reduce pain, they differ in approach, recovery time, and overall impact on the body. Here’s how they compare:
Incision size
Arthroscopic surgery uses small incisions, while open surgery requires a larger incision for direct access to the joint.
Tissue disruption
Arthroscopic procedures preserve more surrounding tissue, usually leading to less scarring and a quicker recovery. Open surgery disrupts more tissue, which can require a longer healing period.
Pain and recovery
Because arthroscopic surgery is minimally invasive, it generally leads to less post-operative pain and a shorter recovery period — often just a few weeks to a few months. Open surgery, on the other hand, involves larger incisions and more extensive repairs, which can result in more pain and a longer rehabilitation process that may take several months.
Post-operative care
As mentioned, most arthroscopic procedures are performed on an outpatient basis, meaning patients can go home the same day and begin rehabilitation sooner. Open surgery, however, often requires an overnight or extended hospital stay, particularly for complex procedures like joint replacements or fracture repairs.
Risk of complications
Since arthroscopic surgery involves smaller incisions and less disruption to surrounding tissues, it carries a lower risk of complications such as infection and excessive scarring. In contrast, open surgery can have a higher risk of infection and longer healing times due to the larger incision and greater exposure to internal structures.
When is arthroscopic surgery recommended?
Orthopedic surgeons often recommend arthroscopic surgery for less severe joint conditions, particularly when the goal is to remove loose fragments, repair small tears, or smooth damaged cartilage. Some common conditions treated with arthroscopic surgery include:
- Meniscus tears
- Rotator cuff tears
- ACL tears
- Cartilage damage
- Loose bodies in the knee
- Hip impingement syndrome
When is open surgery necessary?
Open surgery is usually required for more complex orthopedic conditions where a direct, hands-on approach is necessary. Surgeons may recommend open procedures for:
- Severe fractures requiring plates and screws
- Total joint replacements (hip, knee, or shoulder)
- Complex ligament reconstructions
Choosing the right surgical approach
If you’re experiencing persistent joint pain and wondering which surgical approach is right for you, the doctors at New York Bone & Joint Specialists can help. Our team specializes in arthroscopic surgery and advanced open procedures, ensuring that each patient receives the most effective treatment for their condition.
Schedule a consultation today and take the first step toward a pain-free life.
